Trait: thyrotoxicosis

Trait Information
Identifier MONDO_0010138
Description A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by the elevation of thyroid hormone levels in the serum. Signs and symptoms include tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, weight loss, warm weather intolerance, and moist skin. Causes include Graves disease, toxic nodular goiter, toxic thyroid nodule, and lymphocytic thyroiditis. [NCIT: P378]
Trait category
Other disease
Synonyms 2 synonyms
  • GRD1
  • Graves disease, susceptibility to, 1

Associated Polygenic Score(s)

Filter PGS by Participant Ancestry
Individuals included in:
G - Source of Variant Associations (GWAS)
D - Score Development/Training
E - PGS Evaluation
List of ancestries includes:
Display options:
Ancestry legend
Multi-ancestry (including European)
Multi-ancestry (excluding European)
African
East Asian
South Asian
Additional Asian Ancestries
European
Greater Middle Eastern
Hispanic or Latin American
Additional Diverse Ancestries
Not Reported
Polygenic Score ID & Name PGS Publication ID (PGP) Reported Trait Mapped Trait(s) (Ontology) Number of Variants Ancestry distribution
GWAS
Dev
Eval
 Scoring File (FTP Link)
PGS001042
(GBE_HC645)
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Thyrotoxicosis [hyperthyroidism] (time-to-event) thyrotoxicosis 226
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS001042/ScoringFiles/PGS001042.txt.gz
PGS001043
(GBE_HC55)
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis hyperthyroidism,
thyrotoxicosis		 69
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS001043/ScoringFiles/PGS001043.txt.gz
PGS001815
(portability-PLR_242)
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter thyrotoxicosis 280
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS001815/ScoringFiles/PGS001815.txt.gz
PGS002023
(portability-ldpred2_242)
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter thyrotoxicosis 279,385
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002023/ScoringFiles/PGS002023.txt.gz
PGS018665
(TPMI_242_Lassosum2)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter thyrotoxicosis 1,343
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS018665/ScoringFiles/PGS018665.txt.gz
PGS018666
(TPMI_242_LDpred2)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter thyrotoxicosis 348,159
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS018666/ScoringFiles/PGS018666.txt.gz
PGS018667
(TPMI_242_MegaPRS)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter thyrotoxicosis 66,615
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS018667/ScoringFiles/PGS018667.txt.gz
PGS018668
(TPMI_242_PRS-CS)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter thyrotoxicosis 983,779
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS018668/ScoringFiles/PGS018668.txt.gz
PGS018669
(TPMI_242_PRSmix+)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter thyrotoxicosis 1,071,402
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS018669/ScoringFiles/PGS018669.txt.gz
PGS018670
(TPMI_242_SBayesR)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter thyrotoxicosis 151,393
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS018670/ScoringFiles/PGS018670.txt.gz

Performance Metrics

Disclaimer: The performance metrics are displayed as reported by the source studies. It is important to note that metrics are not necessarily comparable with each other. For example, metrics depend on the sample characteristics (described by the PGS Catalog Sample Set [PSS] ID), phenotyping, and statistical modelling. Please refer to the source publication for additional guidance on performance.

PGS Performance
Metric ID (PPM) 		Evaluated Score PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Performance Source Trait PGS Effect Sizes
(per SD change) 		Classification Metrics Other Metrics Covariates Included in the Model PGS Performance:
Other Relevant Information
PPM007968 PGS001042
(GBE_HC645)
 PSS004565|
African Ancestry|
6,497 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: TTE thyrotoxicosis [hyperthyroidism] — AUROC: 0.74292 [0.70274, 0.7831] R²: 0.0808
Incremental AUROC (full-covars): -0.001
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.00441
PGS AUROC (no covariates): 0.55406 [0.50519, 0.60292]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs Full Model & PGS R2 is estimated using Nagelkerke's method
PPM007969 PGS001042
(GBE_HC645)
 PSS004566|
East Asian Ancestry|
1,704 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: TTE thyrotoxicosis [hyperthyroidism] — AUROC: 0.64568 [0.56662, 0.72474] R²: 0.04341
Incremental AUROC (full-covars): 0.0279
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.02341
PGS AUROC (no covariates): 0.6179 [0.53755, 0.69825]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs Full Model & PGS R2 is estimated using Nagelkerke's method
PPM007970 PGS001042
(GBE_HC645)
 PSS004567|
European Ancestry|
24,905 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: TTE thyrotoxicosis [hyperthyroidism] — AUROC: 0.69253 [0.66505, 0.72] R²: 0.0468
Incremental AUROC (full-covars): 0.03643
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.01594
PGS AUROC (no covariates): 0.61209 [0.58178, 0.6424]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs Full Model & PGS R2 is estimated using Nagelkerke's method
PPM007971 PGS001042
(GBE_HC645)
 PSS004568|
South Asian Ancestry|
7,831 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: TTE thyrotoxicosis [hyperthyroidism] — AUROC: 0.68899 [0.63846, 0.73951] R²: 0.04589
Incremental AUROC (full-covars): 0.03955
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.01668
PGS AUROC (no covariates): 0.60594 [0.54869, 0.66319]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs Full Model & PGS R2 is estimated using Nagelkerke's method
PPM007972 PGS001042
(GBE_HC645)
 PSS004569|
European Ancestry|
67,425 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: TTE thyrotoxicosis [hyperthyroidism] — AUROC: 0.71296 [0.69708, 0.72884] R²: 0.05914
Incremental AUROC (full-covars): 0.04673
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.02359
PGS AUROC (no covariates): 0.63392 [0.61562, 0.65223]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs Full Model & PGS R2 is estimated using Nagelkerke's method
PPM007973 PGS001043
(GBE_HC55)
 PSS004526|
African Ancestry|
6,497 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis — AUROC: 0.73999 [0.69812, 0.78186] R²: 0.07663
Incremental AUROC (full-covars): -0.00598
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.00164
PGS AUROC (no covariates): 0.53513 [0.48316, 0.5871]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs Full Model & PGS R2 is estimated using Nagelkerke's method
PPM007974 PGS001043
(GBE_HC55)
 PSS004527|
East Asian Ancestry|
1,704 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis — AUROC: 0.62359 [0.53601, 0.71117] R²: 0.03132
Incremental AUROC (full-covars): 0.0205
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.01311
PGS AUROC (no covariates): 0.58858 [0.50442, 0.67274]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs Full Model & PGS R2 is estimated using Nagelkerke's method
PPM007975 PGS001043
(GBE_HC55)
 PSS004528|
European Ancestry|
24,905 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis — AUROC: 0.69729 [0.66674, 0.72784] R²: 0.04646
Incremental AUROC (full-covars): 0.03676
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.01638
PGS AUROC (no covariates): 0.61845 [0.58525, 0.65166]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs Full Model & PGS R2 is estimated using Nagelkerke's method
PPM007976 PGS001043
(GBE_HC55)
 PSS004529|
South Asian Ancestry|
7,831 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis — AUROC: 0.68797 [0.63675, 0.7392] R²: 0.04145
Incremental AUROC (full-covars): 0.04372
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.01807
PGS AUROC (no covariates): 0.60983 [0.54762, 0.67204]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs Full Model & PGS R2 is estimated using Nagelkerke's method
PPM007977 PGS001043
(GBE_HC55)
 PSS004530|
European Ancestry|
67,425 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis — AUROC: 0.71366 [0.6965, 0.73082] R²: 0.0566
Incremental AUROC (full-covars): 0.04641
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.02158
PGS AUROC (no covariates): 0.6323 [0.61251, 0.6521]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs Full Model & PGS R2 is estimated using Nagelkerke's method
PPM009420 PGS001815
(portability-PLR_242)
 PSS009285|
European Ancestry|
19,108 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0191 [0.0049, 0.0332] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM009421 PGS001815
(portability-PLR_242)
 PSS009059|
European Ancestry|
3,938 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0288 [-0.0025, 0.06] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM009422 PGS001815
(portability-PLR_242)
 PSS008613|
European Ancestry|
6,381 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0232 [-0.0014, 0.0477] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM009423 PGS001815
(portability-PLR_242)
 PSS008389|
Greater Middle Eastern Ancestry|
1,143 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): -0.0026 [-0.0611, 0.0559] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM009424 PGS001815
(portability-PLR_242)
 PSS008167|
South Asian Ancestry|
5,954 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0473 [0.0219, 0.0726] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM009425 PGS001815
(portability-PLR_242)
 PSS007954|
East Asian Ancestry|
1,754 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0177 [-0.0294, 0.0647] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM009426 PGS001815
(portability-PLR_242)
 PSS007735|
African Ancestry|
2,410 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): -0.0007 [-0.0408, 0.0394] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM009427 PGS001815
(portability-PLR_242)
 PSS008838|
African Ancestry|
3,836 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0182 [-0.0135, 0.0499] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM011058 PGS002023
(portability-ldpred2_242)
 PSS009285|
European Ancestry|
19,108 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0199 [0.0057, 0.034] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM011059 PGS002023
(portability-ldpred2_242)
 PSS009059|
European Ancestry|
3,938 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0345 [0.0032, 0.0658] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM011060 PGS002023
(portability-ldpred2_242)
 PSS008613|
European Ancestry|
6,381 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0195 [-0.0051, 0.044] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM011061 PGS002023
(portability-ldpred2_242)
 PSS008389|
Greater Middle Eastern Ancestry|
1,143 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): -0.0281 [-0.0864, 0.0305] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM011062 PGS002023
(portability-ldpred2_242)
 PSS008167|
South Asian Ancestry|
5,954 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0457 [0.0203, 0.0711] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM011063 PGS002023
(portability-ldpred2_242)
 PSS007954|
East Asian Ancestry|
1,754 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.039 [-0.0081, 0.0859] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM011064 PGS002023
(portability-ldpred2_242)
 PSS007735|
African Ancestry|
2,410 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0027 [-0.0374, 0.0428] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM011065 PGS002023
(portability-ldpred2_242)
 PSS008838|
African Ancestry|
3,836 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.0172 [-0.0146, 0.0489] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM036847 PGS018665
(TPMI_242_Lassosum2)
 PSS012574|
East Asian Ancestry|
17,798 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — AUROC: 0.7785 R²: 0.15719 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM036848 PGS018666
(TPMI_242_LDpred2)
 PSS012573|
East Asian Ancestry|
17,798 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — AUROC: 0.78101 R²: 0.16025 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM036849 PGS018667
(TPMI_242_MegaPRS)
 PSS012575|
East Asian Ancestry|
17,798 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — AUROC: 0.7727 R²: 0.14797 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM036850 PGS018668
(TPMI_242_PRS-CS)
 PSS012576|
East Asian Ancestry|
17,798 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — AUROC: 0.77922 R²: 0.15769 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM036851 PGS018669
(TPMI_242_PRSmix+)
 PSS012577|
East Asian Ancestry|
17,798 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — AUROC: 0.78294 R²: 0.16131 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM036852 PGS018670
(TPMI_242_SBayesR)
 PSS012578|
East Asian Ancestry|
17,798 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Thyrotoxicosis with or without goiter — AUROC: 0.7732 R²: 0.15169 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —

Evaluated Samples

PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Phenotype Definitions and Methods Participant Follow-up Time Sample Numbers Age of Study Participants Sample Ancestry Additional Ancestry Description Cohort(s) Additional Sample/Cohort Information
PSS009285 — — 19,108 individuals — European UK (+ Ireland) UKB —
PSS008389 — — 1,143 individuals — Greater Middle Eastern (Middle Eastern, North African or Persian) Iran (Middle East) UKB —
PSS004565 — —
[
  • 127 cases
  • , 6,370 controls
]
 — African unspecified — UKB —
PSS004566 — —
[
  • 51 cases
  • , 1,653 controls
]
 — East Asian — UKB —
PSS004567 — —
[
  • 334 cases
  • , 24,571 controls
]
 — European non-white British ancestry UKB —
PSS004568 — —
[
  • 107 cases
  • , 7,724 controls
]
 — South Asian — UKB —
PSS004569 — —
[
  • 935 cases
  • , 66,490 controls
]
 — European white British ancestry UKB Testing cohort (heldout set)
PSS009059 — — 3,938 individuals — European Poland (NE Europe) UKB —
PSS012573 242, 376.2, 376.3,E05, H05.20, H05.22, H05.23, H05.24, H05.25, H05.26 —
[
  • 718 cases
  • , 17,080 controls
]
,
48.9 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS012574 242, 376.2, 376.3,E05, H05.20, H05.22, H05.23, H05.24, H05.25, H05.26 —
[
  • 718 cases
  • , 17,080 controls
]
,
48.9 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS012575 242, 376.2, 376.3,E05, H05.20, H05.22, H05.23, H05.24, H05.25, H05.26 —
[
  • 718 cases
  • , 17,080 controls
]
,
48.9 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS008167 — — 5,954 individuals — South Asian India (South Asia) UKB —
PSS012576 242, 376.2, 376.3,E05, H05.20, H05.22, H05.23, H05.24, H05.25, H05.26 —
[
  • 718 cases
  • , 17,080 controls
]
,
48.9 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS012577 242, 376.2, 376.3,E05, H05.20, H05.22, H05.23, H05.24, H05.25, H05.26 —
[
  • 718 cases
  • , 17,080 controls
]
,
48.9 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS012578 242, 376.2, 376.3,E05, H05.20, H05.22, H05.23, H05.24, H05.25, H05.26 —
[
  • 718 cases
  • , 17,080 controls
]
,
48.9 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS008838 — — 3,836 individuals — African unspecified Nigeria (West Africa) UKB —
PSS007954 — — 1,754 individuals — East Asian China (East Asia) UKB —
PSS008613 — — 6,381 individuals — European Italy (South Europe) UKB —
PSS004526 — —
[
  • 116 cases
  • , 6,381 controls
]
 — African unspecified — UKB —
PSS004527 — —
[
  • 44 cases
  • , 1,660 controls
]
 — East Asian — UKB —
PSS004528 — —
[
  • 286 cases
  • , 24,619 controls
]
 — European non-white British ancestry UKB —
PSS004529 — —
[
  • 92 cases
  • , 7,739 controls
]
 — South Asian — UKB —
PSS004530 — —
[
  • 805 cases
  • , 66,620 controls
]
 — European white British ancestry UKB Testing cohort (heldout set)
PSS007735 — — 2,410 individuals — African American or Afro-Caribbean Carribean UKB —